⚖️ 1. Arbitration

Arbitration is a formal and binding ADR process where a neutral third party (the arbitrator) hears both sides and renders a legally enforceable decision known as an arbitral award.

Key Features:

• Binding and enforceable as a court decree

• Governed by the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996

• Can be domestic or international commercial arbitration

• Proceedings are confidential and less formal than court

Use Case Example: Disputes in construction contracts, joint ventures, or supply chain agreements often involve arbitration clauses.

🤝 2. Mediation

Mediation is a collaborative, voluntary, and confidential process where a neutral mediator helps the parties reach a mutually acceptable solution without imposing a decision.

Key Features:

• Non-binding unless parties sign a settlement

• Preserves relationships and reduces hostility

• Often used in family law, employment, and consumer disputes

• Encouraged by Indian courts under Section 89 of CPC

Use Case Example: Two business partners disagreeing on profit sharing may opt for mediation to avoid disrupting their venture.

🕊 3. Conciliation

Conciliation is similar to mediation but with a more proactive role by the third-party conciliator, who may suggest or propose solutions.

Key Features:

• Voluntary and flexible

• Settlement agreement is legally binding under Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996

• Ideal for commercial, pre-litigation, or consumer matters

Use Case Example: A seller and buyer in dispute over goods/services can resolve the issue with the help of a conciliator proposing settlement options.

💬 4. Negotiation

Negotiation is the most informal form of ADR, where parties attempt to resolve disputes directly, with or without legal assistance, through structured communication and compromise.

Key Features:

• No third party involved

• Completely confidential and controlled by the parties

• Often used as a first step before arbitration or litigation

Use Case Example: A company negotiating a contract breach settlement with its vendor before invoking arbitration.

🌐 5. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)

With the rise of digital transactions, ODR is emerging as a vital tool. It involves conducting arbitration, mediation, or conciliation through secure digital platforms.

Key Features:

• Remote resolution with digital documentation and hearings

• Cost-effective and time-efficient

• Widely used in e-commerce, fintech, and cross-border services

Use Case Example: A freelance platform resolving payment disputes between clients and service providers through online mediation.

🌐 7. Cross-Border Compatibility

ADR, especially international arbitration, is widely recognized and enforced under the New York Convention in over 160 countries—making it ideal for global commercial transactions.

🛠 8. Customizable Procedure

ADR allows parties to agree on:

• Language

• Venue

• Timelines

• Number of hearings

• Nature of remedies

This party autonomy leads to more tailored, efficient resolution strategies.

💰 2. Cost-Effective

ADR typically involves lower legal fees, fewer procedural requirements, and minimal court costs. Parties save on expenses such as multiple hearings, witness production, and court filings.

✅ Example: Mediation fees are often shared and are much less than prolonged litigation expenses.

🔒 3. Confidentiality

ADR proceedings are private and confidential—unlike public court hearings. This is ideal for businesses, professionals, and families who value discretion.

✅ Use Case: Corporates prefer arbitration for trade secret, financial, or IP-related matters to avoid media scrutiny.

👥 4. Preservation of Relationships

ADR fosters collaboration over confrontation, making it especially useful in cases where ongoing business or personal relationships are at stake.

✅ Use Case: Co-founders in a startup or family members in a property dispute can preserve goodwill through mediation.

🧘 5. Less Stressful Process

Unlike the rigid and intimidating court environment, ADR offers an informal and flexible setting. This often reduces the emotional and mental stress involved in legal battles.

⚖️ 6. Expert Decision-Making

In arbitration, you can appoint an arbitrator with industry-specific knowledge, ensuring that the person deciding your dispute understands the nuances of your business or sector.

✅ Use Case: An arbitrator with a construction law background handling a construction project dispute.

📌 10. Encouraged by Indian Courts

Under Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), courts are encouraged to refer suitable cases to ADR mechanisms, demonstrating the judiciary’s commitment to promoting alternate methods of dispute resolution.

🏛 3. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987

This Act provides for:

• Establishment of Lok Adalats (People’s Courts)

• Permanent Lok Adalats for public utility services

• Free legal aid and dispute resolution at the grassroots

Awards passed by Lok Adalats are deemed as decrees of civil courts and are binding on all parties.

🧩 4. Commercial Courts Act, 2015 (Amended 2018)

Mandates pre-institution mediation for commercial disputes with a claim value less than ₹3 crore, unless urgent interim relief is sought. This has institutionalized mandatory mediation for many business disputes before litigation can be initiated.

🏛️ 6. Judicial Support & Precedents

Indian courts, including the Supreme Court, have played a proactive role in promoting ADR:

• Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. v. Cherian Varkey Construction Co. (2010) – Affirmed the importance of Section 89 CPC.

• K. K. Modi v. K. N. Modi (1998) – Laid down guidelines for arbitration clauses.

• Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corp (2020) – Emphasized arbitrability of disputes and pro-arbitration stance.

⚖️ 2. Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC), 1908

This provision empowers civil courts to refer disputes for ADR methods including:

• Arbitration

• Conciliation

• Mediation

• Lok Adalats

• Judicial Settlement

The idea is to encourage pre-litigation or mid-litigation settlements wherever possible, saving judicial time and promoting harmony.

🌐 5. New York Convention, 1958 & Geneva Convention, 1927

India is a signatory to both, ensuring that foreign arbitral awards can be recognized and enforced under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. This makes India an arbitration-friendly jurisdiction for international contracts.

📚 7. Mediation Bill, 2023(Pending Enactment)

This bill seeks to create a formal structure for mediation in India, including:

• Mandatory pre-litigation mediation

• Setting up Mediation Councils

• Recognition and enforceability of mediated settlement agreements

Once passed, it will significantly boost institutional mediation in the country.

🛠 3. Construction & Infrastructure Disputes

These disputes involve issues like:

• Delay in project timelines

• Escalation of costs

• Defective construction

• Breach of project agreements

• Quality of work disputes

Example: A builder and a subcontractor engage in arbitration over cost overruns and extension of deadlines under an EPC contract.

💼 4. Employment & Workplace Disputes

• Unlawful termination

• Discrimination or harassment

• Wage and bonus disputes

• Non-compete clause violations

Example:

• Wrongful Termination: An employee alleges unlawful dismissal without proper notice or severance pay. Mediation can help reach a settlement that provides financial compensation and rehabilitates employment terms.
• Non-Compete Dispute: A former employee is accused of violating a non-compete clause. Arbitration can be used to settle the issue swiftly, defining the appropriate scope and duration of the non-compete obligation.

6. Consumer Disputes

Description:

Examples:

• Defective Product Claim: A consumer brings a complaint regarding a malfunctioning product. Mediation helps achieve a settlement, such as a refund or replacement, without resorting to public litigation.

• Service Deficiency: A service provider and a client dispute the quality and delivery of services. Negotiation and mediation can facilitate an agreement that addresses both performance issues and compensation for any losses incurred.

10. Real Estate and Property Disputes

Description:

Examples:

• Commercial Lease Dispute: A tenant and landlord disagree on rent adjustments or maintenance responsibilities. Mediation can help negotiate an amended lease agreement that suits both parties.

• Boundary Disputes: Neighbors contest property line measurements, which can be settled through a neutral expert's assessment and arbitration.

🛒 12. E-Commerce & Consumer Disputes

Consumer and tech platforms increasingly adopt Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) for:

• Buyer-seller issues

• Service dissatisfaction

• Refund & warranty claims

Example: An e-commerce platform resolves a logistics dispute with a vendor via online mediation.

2. Shareholder and Partnership Disputes

Description:

Examples:

• Minority Shareholder Claim: A minority shareholder alleges oppression or mismanagement by majority shareholders. Mediation can facilitate a negotiated settlement that adjusts shareholding ratios or revises corporate governance practices.

• Joint Venture Dispute: Partners in a venture may dispute the allocation of responsibilities and profit-sharing. Arbitration offers a structured forum to determine each party’s rights and obligations, thereby preserving the business relationship while delivering a binding decision.

🔐 5. Intellectual Property Disputes

• Trademark infringement

• Licensing violations

• Patent usage disputes

• Technology transfer disagreements

Example:

1. Copyright Dispute: A content creator and a distributor disagree on the terms of a licensing contract. Mediation offers a confidential setting to negotiate revised terms that protect both parties’ interests.
2. Trademark Infringement: Two companies claim rights over a similar brand name. ADR, particularly arbitration, can quickly resolve the issue by determining if infringement has occurred and ordering cessation of wrongful use.
   

🏘 7. Family & Inheritance Disputes

Mediation is especially useful in resolving:

• Partition of ancestral property

• Family business disagreements

• Matrimonial settlements

• Will and succession disputes

Example: Siblings in a joint family business use conciliation to divide property and business shares amicably.

8. Commercial Disputes Involving Government Contracts

Description:
Disputes may arise from contracts with government agencies or state-owned enterprises, involving issues such as breach of contract, non-payment, or delays in service delivery.

Examples:

• Public Procurement Dispute: A company challenges the cancellation of a government contract due to alleged procedural errors. ADR can be used to negotiate revised contract terms or compensation without the need to engage in full-blown litigation that might delay business operations.

🏦 9. Banking & Financial Disputes

Financial institutions use ADR to settle:

• Loan default issues

• Settlement of NPAs

• Credit recovery matters

• Consortium disputes

Example: A borrower negotiates a structured loan settlement with the bank through an RBI-approved conciliation forum.

🌐 11. Cross-Border Disputes

International contracts involving foreign parties rely on International Commercial Arbitration for:

• Trade agreements

• International licensing

• Cross-border investments

Example: A Singapore-based vendor and an Indian importer resolve a dispute via arbitration under ICC rules in London.

13. International Commercial Disputes

Description:

Examples:

• Cross-Border Trade Dispute: Two international companies dispute terms of a commercial contract. Arbitration can provide a neutral platform where both parties agree on the rules and language, facilitating a binding resolution enforceable in multiple countries.

• Technology Licensing Issue: A global tech firm faces allegations of infringing licensing terms by a foreign partner. Mediation allows for a confidential resolution that protects intellectual property rights while preserving international business relationships.

🫱 3. Conciliation – Same Status as Arbitration Awards

Legal Basis:

• Direct enforceability as a civil court decree

• No need to file a fresh suit for enforcement

⚖️ 4. Lok Adalat Awards – Deemed Civil Court Decrees

Legal Basis:

• No court fee involved

• The decision is binding on both parties

• Non-compliance can be taken up through execution proceedings in court

🤝 2. Mediated Settlements – Contractual & Judicial Recognition

Legal Basis:
Though mediation is generally voluntary, a settlement agreement reached during court-referred mediation is enforceable like a court judgment under Section 89 of CPC and applicable court rules.

• Court-Annexed Mediation: Outcome is recorded as a court order and is enforceable directly.

• Private Mediation: The outcome is a binding contract. If breached, it can be enforced through a suit for specific performance or damages.

Future Legislation:

The pending Mediation Bill, 2023 proposes that mediated settlements will become legally enforceable instruments, ensuring parity with arbitral awards.

✅ 3. Conciliation – For Semi-Formal Structured Negotiations

Best Suited For:

• Commercial or contractual disputes

• Labour and industrial disputes

• Matters requiring structured discussion with legal guidance

Why Choose Conciliation:

• Neutral third-party conciliator actively assists in reaching agreement

• Settlement is legally enforceable like an arbitral award

• Less adversarial than arbitration

• Good for disputes that are too complex for direct negotiation but still need flexibility

Not Ideal For:

• Criminal matters or where strict legal adjudication is required

✅ 4. Lok Adalat – For Quick & Affordable Resolution of Minor Claims

Best Suited For:

• Cheque bounce cases

• Motor accident compensation

• Utility bill disputes

• Pre-litigation civil claims

• Matrimonial and family settlements

Why Choose Lok Adalat:

• No court fees, extremely cost-effective

• Cases resolved through mutual compromise

• Award is binding and final, like a civil court decree

• Speedy disposal and helpful for clearing backlog

Not Ideal For:

• Cases requiring extensive evidence or legal complexity

✅ 2. Mediation – When Preserving Relationships Is Key

Best Suited For:

• Family business conflicts, partnership disputes

• Employment or workplace disputes

• Vendor-client disagreements

• Pre-litigation settlement in commercial contracts

Why Choose Mediation:

• Encourages collaborative problem-solving

• Maintains ongoing business or personal relationships

• Cost-effective and time-saving

• Settlement terms are mutually decided by parties, not imposed

Not Ideal For:

• Cases where one party is unwilling to compromise or cooperate

• Issues needing binding third-party judgment

✅ 5. Negotiation – The First Step in Any ADR Pathway

Best Suited For:

• Almost all commercial transactions

• Contractual interpretation issues

• Vendor-customer disputes

Why Choose Negotiation:

• Flexible and informal

• Helps avoid escalation to formal processes

• No cost beyond your own legal counsel

• Maintains control over both the process and outcome

Not Ideal For:

• Disputes with power imbalances or hostile relationships

• Situations where time-bound enforcement is needed

Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) is the cornerstone provision for court-referred ADR in India. It empowers civil courts to refer parties to various ADR mechanisms if it appears that elements of a settlement exist in the matter.

“Where it appears to the court that there exist elements of a settlement which may be acceptable to the parties, the court shall formulate the terms of settlement and give them to the parties for their observations...”

— Section 89, CPC

Additionally, relevant High Court Rules and Supreme Court judgments have reinforced the proactive role courts can and should play in encouraging ADR.

1. Arbitration – Where parties have agreed to refer disputes to arbitration, courts may direct them to proceed accordingly.

2. Conciliation – Where a conciliator helps the parties reach a mutually acceptable settlement.

3. Mediation – A neutral mediator facilitates dialogue and compromise without imposing a decision.

4. Judicial Settlement – A settlement facilitated by a judge but not acting in an adjudicatory capacity.

5. Lok Adalat – Especially for civil disputes, pre-litigation matters, or compoundable offences.

1. Filing of Suit: A civil or commercial suit is filed in court.

2. Preliminary Hearing: The judge evaluates if there are elements of settlement between the parties.

3. Referral: If such elements exist, the court refers the matter to an appropriate ADR mechanism.

4. ADR Proceedings: The parties attempt to resolve the dispute through the referred method.

5. Outcome:

   • If Resolved: Settlement is recorded by the court and a decree is passed accordingly.

   • If Not Resolved: The matter is restored for regular trial.

• Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. v. Cherian Varkey Construction Co. Pvt. Ltd. (2010)
  The Supreme Court clarified the proper scope and procedure under Section 89 CPC and encouraged courts to actively consider ADR before trial.

• Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of India (2005)
  The SC upheld the constitutional validity of Section 89 CPC and emphasized the need to institutionalize ADR practices in court processes.

Even though court-referred ADR is recommended, it is not always mandatory. Courts still retain discretion, and not all matters are fit for ADR—especially where urgent interim relief, injunctions, or serious allegations are involved.

• Advisory: We guide clients on which format—institutional or ad-hoc—is more suitable for their specific business dispute.

• Drafting Arbitration Clauses: Whether you choose ICC or ad-hoc rules, we draft airtight, enforceable arbitration clauses.

• Representation: TAXAJ represents you before arbitrators, whether under a global institutional setting or ad-hoc forum.

• Enforcement: We assist in executing awards in Indian or foreign courts under the New York Convention or domestic laws.

International arbitration is a private dispute resolution mechanism where parties from different countries agree to resolve their disputes outside of national courts, typically under the rules of a neutral arbitration institution (e.g., ICC, SIAC, LCIA) or using globally recognized rules such as UNCITRAL.

The arbitration award is final and enforceable across 170+ countries under the New York Convention.

3️⃣ Representation Before Arbitral Tribunals

• TAXAJ, through its legal partners and affiliate network, represents clients in international arbitrations.

• Our team handles:

  • Pre-hearing strategy

  • Written submissions and pleadings

  • Evidence gathering (including cross-border discovery)

  • Witness preparation and oral arguments

4️⃣ Appointment of Arbitrators

• We guide clients through the appointment process or challenge arbitrator appointments if bias or conflict of interest is suspected.

• Our database includes arbitrators with technical, legal, and commercial expertise across sectors.

5️⃣ Multi-Jurisdictional Compliance & Law Coordination

• We navigate the intersection of multiple legal systems, coordinating with international law firms when required.

• We advise on choice of law, conflict of laws, and public policy limitations that may impact enforceability.

7️⃣ Emergency Arbitration & Interim Relief

• We facilitate emergency arbitration for urgent interim measures (e.g., asset freezing, document preservation).

• Institutions like SIAC, ICC, and LCIA offer rapid interim remedies before the tribunal is formally constituted.

2️⃣ Selecting the Right Arbitration Rules & Institution

• We advise on the most suitable arbitration institution based on the nature of the dispute and geography:

  • ICC (Paris-based): Global business disputes

  • SIAC (Singapore): Fast, cost-effective Asia-centric disputes

  • LCIA (London): High-value commercial conflicts

  • HKIAC, ICSID, or UNCITRAL Rules for public-private or investor-state arbitration

6️⃣ Award Enforcement & Recognition

• Our legal team helps enforce foreign arbitral awards in India under Part II of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, aligned with the New York Convention.

• Conversely, we assist Indian clients in enforcing Indian arbitral awards abroad.

• We also help resist enforcement where necessary, especially under public policy exceptions.

• Drafting robust arbitration clauses is critical—ambiguity leads to costly pre-arbitration disputes.

• Choice of seat determines procedural law (e.g., Singapore vs. London).

• Cultural sensitivity and language of arbitration are vital in global disputes.

• Time and cost estimates vary significantly by institution and complexity.

🌍 3. Rise of Institutional Arbitration

• Parties now prefer institutions like SIAC, ICC, HKIAC, LCIA, and MCIA (India) for structured, rule-bound, and impartial administration.

• These institutions offer:

  • Emergency arbitration

  • Fast-track procedures

  • Appointing authority services for neutral, diverse arbitrator panels

🧠 4. Greater Emphasis on Arbitrator Diversity & Ethics

• Increasing focus on appointing arbitrators with:

  • Gender, regional, and cultural diversity

  • Sectoral expertise (IP, tech, energy, etc.)

• Enhanced disclosure requirements and codes of conduct are being promoted to maintain neutrality and integrity.

💼 5. Sector-Specific Arbitration Growth

• Technology, e-commerce, fintech, and renewable energy sectors are seeing rising international disputes.

• Arbitration clauses in cross-border IP licensing, SaaS agreements, and data protection disputes are on the rise.

📜 7. Sustainability & ESG-Related Arbitration

• As companies are held accountable for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, arbitration is emerging as a preferred mechanism to resolve disputes involving:

  • Climate-related investor claims

  • Sustainability-linked contracts

  • Green finance and carbon trading

🧩 9. Hybrid Dispute Resolution Models (Arb-Med-Arb)

• Innovative models like Arb-Med-Arb (Arbitration-Mediation-Arbitration) combine structured arbitration with negotiated settlement for efficiency.

• Particularly promoted by SIAC-SIMC and increasingly recognised in multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses.

⚖️ 2. Pro-Arbitration Reforms in India

India has taken major steps to improve its arbitration ecosystem and promote itself as an international arbitration destination:

• Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Acts of 2015, 2019, and 2021 introduced:

  • Time-bound arbitral awards (12 months)

  • Greater autonomy to arbitral institutions for appointment and administration

  • Creation of the Arbitration Council of India (ACI) for accreditation and regulatory oversight

• Shift from ad-hoc to institutional arbitration is being strongly encouraged through legal and procedural support.

🔍 6. Third-Party Funding (TPF)

• Increasing acceptance of litigation financing in arbitration:

  • Helps under-resourced claimants pursue large-value cases

  • Raises complex issues of disclosure and potential conflicts, prompting guidelines from institutions

🔐 8. Strengthened Enforcement Mechanisms

• Arbitral awards are now more easily enforced globally under the New York Convention, with over 170 member countries.

• Indian courts have increasingly aligned with global best practices by:

  • Limiting interference in foreign-seated arbitrations

  • Upholding foreign arbitral awards unless in clear violation of Indian public policy (as seen in Amazon v. Future Retail)

🏛 10. India's Push to Become a Global Arbitration Hub

• Development of dedicated arbitration centres such as:

  • Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA)

  • India International Arbitration Centre (IIAC), New Delhi

• Strategic government initiatives are underway to:

  • Reduce judicial intervention

  • Promote "Ease of Doing Business" through credible dispute mechanisms

💡 3. Intellectual Property (IP)

• IP disputes—such as patent licensing, copyright infringement, and trademark conflicts—are often technical and sensitive.

• Mediation and arbitration help preserve confidentiality and resolve disputes quickly.

• WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) offers dedicated ADR services for IP and tech companies.

🏢 4. Real Estate

• ADR is widely used in builder-buyer disputes, property possession issues, lease violations, and broker commission claims.

• Arbitration clauses in RERA agreements and pre-litigation mediation under consumer laws are becoming common practice.

• Real estate arbitration panels provide cost-effective and time-bound resolution.

📶 5. Telecom & Technology

• The fast-paced and technical nature of telecom and IT contracts makes ADR the preferred option for:

  • Software licensing conflicts

  • Service Level Agreement (SLA) breaches

  • Interconnection and spectrum-related issues

• The Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) promotes ADR in regulatory matters.

• Tech companies often include institutional arbitration in SaaS or cloud service agreements.

💼 2. Banking & Financial Services

• ADR is gaining traction in loan default disputes, investment disagreements, and cross-border financing issues.

• Conciliation and mediation are preferred for:

  • Lender-borrower settlements

  • NBFC recovery disputes

  • Investor complaints under SEBI or RBI frameworks

• Financial regulators like RBI and SEBI encourage ADR through Ombudsman Schemes and Investor Grievance Redressal Forums.

⚕️ 6. Healthcare & Pharma

• ADR is increasingly used to settle:

  • Clinical trial disputes

  • Hospital-network provider contract issues

  • Medical negligence claims

• Mediation helps protect reputation-sensitive issues and maintains doctor-patient confidentiality.

⚖️ 7. Corporate & M&A

• Shareholder disputes, deadlocks among co-founders, earn-out disagreements, and confidentiality breaches in M&A deals are often routed through ADR.

• ADR ensures privacy, neutrality, and avoids damage to the company’s image or investor confidence.

• International Joint Ventures often use SIAC, ICC, or LCIA arbitration for cross-border enforcement.

• 🛡 Risk Management: They act as a pre-agreed protocol for conflict resolution, reducing surprises and legal uncertainties.

• 💰 Cost & Time Efficiency: By choosing ADR, parties can avoid costly and time-consuming litigation.

• 🌍 International Enforceability: Particularly in cross-border contracts, ADR clauses offer smoother enforcement across jurisdictions.

• 🤝 Preservation of Business Relationships: ADR mechanisms like mediation help maintain goodwill even in dispute situations.

Here’s what an ideal ADR clause should include:

Under Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, courts are bound to refer disputes to arbitration if a valid arbitration clause exists—unless the clause is vague, invalid, or the dispute is clearly non-arbitrable (e.g., criminal, matrimonial).

Post-ADR compliance involves the implementation and follow-through of the terms laid out in:

• 🧾 Arbitral Awards (Binding decisions from arbitrators)

• 🤝 Mediation Settlements (Mutual agreement outcomes)

• 📑 Conciliation Agreements (Under Section 74 of Arbitration & Conciliation Act – treated like court decrees)

This includes ensuring that payments are made, actions are taken, or restrictions are upheld within the agreed timelines and conditions.

🧠 Key Components of Post-ADR Compliance:

1. Commercial Arbitration Award: Company A is ordered to pay ₹1 crore to Company B within 30 days. Post-ADR monitoring ensures the transfer is made, interest is computed correctly, and receipts are documented.

2. Mediation in Employment Dispute: A senior employee agrees to resign with a severance package and non-disparagement clause. Compliance ensures timely payment, documentation, and any agreed references or statements are honored.

3. IP Licensing Settlement: As part of settlement, a patent license is granted. Post-ADR compliance ensures the licensing agreement is executed, IP registered if required, and commercial terms followed.

• ✅ Award Interpretation & Execution Roadmap
  We help both parties understand and implement the award’s actionable components.

• 🧾 Court Filing & Enforcement Support
  Our legal team assists in filing awards or settlements in appropriate forums, including domestic and international enforcement.

• 📆 Timeline Tracking & Compliance Dashboard
  We provide ongoing compliance tracking with alerts and reports.

• 🔍 Breach Management
  In case of post-ADR default, we assist in legal remedies such as:

  • Execution petition (under CPC)

  • Contempt application

  • Injunction enforcement

• 🤝 Ongoing Liaison & Mediation Support
  For long-term or phased agreements, we offer post-resolution support and dispute avoidance services.

ADR doesn't end when an award is made or an agreement is signed—it ends when that outcome is faithfully and fully implemented. Effective post-ADR compliance and monitoring safeguard the sanctity of the process, ensure justice is delivered in real terms, and help parties move forward confidently.